Industrial Parts Washer & Cleaning Systems

What is degassing? For ultrasonic cleaning equipment, degassing is the process of removing gases such as air dissolved in a liquid cleaning solution.

Air and other gases dissolved in a cleaning solution will impact performance of ultrasonic cleaning tanks. Gases in the cleaning solution absorb some of the cavitation energy that would otherwise go toward cleaning, and thus reduce effectiveness. Removal of these gases from the cleaning solution will result in maximum ultrasonic cleaning performance.

Any water that comes from a pressurized water supply will naturally contain dissolved gases, and therefore the water will need to be degassed when first dispensed.

Options to degas ultrasonic cleaning tanks

• Let it sit – Degassing solution is easily achieved by letting the solution sit out for a number of hours. This is why a glass of water tastes “different” when first out of the faucet vs. drinking it hours later.
• Let it run – Run the ultrasonics just as you would ordinarily, but without the parts to be cleaned. Running the ultrasonics will expedite the degas process significantly, typically down to 5-10 minutes. Keep in mind that the cleaning solution only needs to be degassed when first dispensed from a pressurized supply.
• Fast degas ultrasonic cleaning system – Although 5-10 minutes is much shorter than hours, it’s still too long to wait for our parts cleaner machines to degas each time the solution is pumped from the storage tank to the process tank of the ultrasonic cleaning system. Our system features a fast-degas feature at the start of the ultrasonic cycle which allows the solution to degas in a matter of seconds vs. minutes.

The fast degas feature can be heard in the video below. Note high pitch of ultrasonic degassing and tuning amplified for video demonstration.

How to tell if a solution is degassed or not?

The cleaning solution de-gases simply by releasing the dissolved and entrapped air in the solution. During a degas process with ultrasonics, fine bubbles will suddenly appear and begin to rise to the surface of the solution (similar to that seen after first pouring a glass of beer). This implosion or cavitation of the solution with dissolved gases can result in a high-pitched audible sound from the ultrasonic tank until the solution is degassed as heard in the video above.

Once a solution or fluid is degassed either by letting it sit, ultrasonic cavitation energy, or heating, it does not need to be degassed again unless the solution replaced with new fluid.

As the clock runs out on the 3M™ Novec™ phaseout, many manufacturers are wondering how to switch their vapor degreasers to a 3M™ Novec™ replacement solvent such as BestSolv™ Engineered Fluids.

Here are the steps to use when converting your vapor degreaser to a new solvent.

Remove Old Solvent

Completely remove the old solvent from the vapor degreaser before adding the new solvent. Any residual old solvent left in the lines may be flushed with the new solvent. Do NOT use water to clean the vapor degreaser or flush the lines.

Add New Solvent

Review the Safety Data Sheet for the new solvent prior to first use. As always when handling solvents, use appropriate protective equipment as mentioned in the Safety Data Sheet. Since most solvents are designed to evaporate quickly, be careful not to leave the solvent container open any longer than necessary.

Identify Boiling Point of New Solvent

The boiling point on your new solvent may be different from that of the old solvent. Vapor degreaser settings are based on the boiling point of the solvent used, and should be adjusted when a new solvent is used in the degreaser.

Use the Safety Data Sheet, Technical Data Sheet, or other publicly available source to identify the boiling point of the new solvent. For BestSolv™ Engineered Fluids, you can find this information through our Technical Data Sheets page.

Adjust Vapor Degreaser Settings

Use the new solvent’s boiling point as a reference for changing the following settings on your vapor degreaser:

For example, a solvent with a boiling point of 165 °F would have a Vapor Up Control (TH-1) set point of 155 °F (165 – 10 = 155).

That’s it! Your vapor degreaser is ready to return to precision cleaning with your new solvent.

NOTE: Vapor degreaser controls differ by manufacturer. Some may not contain all of the settings described.

For further information about vapor degreaser settings, see the reference section below.

Vapor Degreaser Settings Reference

• Liquid Temperature Control (LTC): Set 7-10 °F above the boiling point of the solvent being used. A 10 °F rise in the boiling point indicates that the boiling sump has accumulated the equivalent oil solution of approximately 30% by weight, along with any other contaminants. Boil down and addition of fresh solvent is recommended.
• High Temperature Control (HTC): Set 10-15 °F above the boiling point of the solvent being used. A 10 °F rise in the boiling point indicates that the boiling sump has accumulated the equivalent oil solution of approximately 30% by weight, along with any other contaminants. Continued operation may be hazardous.
• Low Level Control (LLC): A safety to turn the heat off if the liquid level falls below a safe level.
• Refrigeration Control (RT): Regulates the temperature of the cooling coils. Typically set at 45-50 °F. It is not necessary to change this setting when changing solvents.
• Solvent Vapor Control (SVC): Turns off the heat in the event of high vapor level and must be set at 10 °F below the boiling point of the solvent being used.
• Vapor Up Control (TH-1): Turns on an indicator light when the solvent vapors are up to proper level on the cooling coils. This indicates the equipment is ready to operate. It also inhibits the spray pump(s) when the vapor line is below the normal operating level. The proper temperature setting is 10 °F below the boiling point of the solvent being used.

Process control and stability are critical aspects to regulated medical device and aerospace processes.  It is important to ensure that a process has input and output variable limits which are defined and fully tested during process design, Equipment Qualification (IQ), Operational Qualification (OQ) and Process Qualification (PQ) validation testing.  Setting up a proper DOE (Design of experiments) to test these limits is also important as the results of the DOE will give statistical confidence intervals of the limits.

Being that operators and employees perform various process operations different no matter how instructed in work instructions, the variation of operators must also be captured during process qualification (PQ) validation.  An automated system typically eliminates many of the operator variability in the manufacturing process and this process “input” elimination also allows for tighter process output controls.

For example, in our automated passivation system, the elimination of relying on an operator to move the parts basket from stage to stage ensures that the parts remain in the appropriate (wash, rinse, acid passivation, etc) solutions for the process defined times and in accordance with the proper ASTM A967, AMS2700, etc specification.  If a parts basket is immersed in the acid passivation solution too short or long duration, the passivation can likely fail and be outside specification limits.

When parts are washed the parts themselves, as well as the basket they are in, carry some of the wash with them into the rinse tank. This “drag out” means that the rinse solution has to be constantly replaced or will simply become less and less clean over time. The biggest issue is not that the parts will be rinsed off, but that when the parts are withdrawn from the rinse tank, they may have soil redeposited on them. Once the parts are dried this soil can cause spotting on the surface of the otherwise clean parts. A second rinse bath produces a much cleaner final product by rinsing off the soil that is redeposited during the first rinse.

Often times, the second rinse tank includes a heated facility water inlet which constantly overflows the second rinse tank with small amounts of water to ensure water cleanliness.  The second rinse tank overflow is sent to rinse tank 1 and then rinse tank 1 overflows to drain.  This cascade overflow process ensures constant water quality over time no matter the amount of drag out on the parts and baskets.

There is an old saying when it comes to parts cleaning: “Like dissolves like”.

This comes from the world of chemistry, and is really quite a simple and useful phrase to remember. In chemistry molecules are described as being polar or non-polar. (Think north and south pole on the Earth)  Polar molecules have a polarity that causes them to attract other molecules that have polarity, while non-polar molecules do not.

Water is a polar molecule.  Oil is not.  At the molecular level this is why “oil and water don’t mix”.  Chemically they are dissimilar and cannot absorb each others molecules.  By contrast salt IS polar; this is why you can dissolve salt in water.

So when should you use aqueous cleaning and when should you try cleaning with solvents? Solvent based cleaning systems (like Vapor Degreasers) are used when you need to clean true oils from your manufactured parts.  Aqueous Cleaning Systems are used to clean water based materials from your parts.

If you’ve ever been wearing glasses as you walked into an air-conditioned building on a hot summer day, you already have a good understanding of part of how the vapor degreaser process works. (For those in colder climates, walking outside while wearing glasses on a cold winter day is an even better example.)

So, how does a vapor degreaser work? The vapor degreasing process is a cleaning process that uses solvent vapors (boiled solvent) rather than water to clean parts.

A vapor degreaser has two tanks (sumps) of solvent inside. One vapor degreasing tank boils the solvent (boil sump) which creates a vapor or mist of the solvent. The second sump (ultrasonic sump) is heated but not to the boiling point and is used as the second cleaning stage. The vapor degreaser also has bands of cooling coils inside just above the level of the sumps. These coils cause the vapor to return to a liquid state and fall back into the sump. The effect is like small “clouds” of the solvent are formed between the top of the sumps and the cooling tubes.

As parts at room temperature are lowered through the cooling area into the vapor, the vapor from the boil sump condenses on the parts just like moisture in the air does on your glasses in the examples above. This condensation contains the solvent that dissolves the oils on your parts, and the beading action creates droplets which run across the surfaces of the parts and fall back into the boil sump. The parts are then moved to the ultrasonic sump which contains heated but non-boiling solvent. This allows the parts to be lowered into the sump so that any blind holes or internal features are also thoroughly exposed to the solvent.

Finally parts are raised into the cooling coil area to allow the solvent to quickly dry and and then raised through a second layer of freeboard coils near the very top of the vapor degreaser that insure complete drying and the recapture of the solvent from the parts.

Desiccants are used to absorb the water found in humid conditions to reduce or eliminate condensation. It can also be added directly to liquids to absorb the water content from the fluid.  We are used to seeing the small white bags of desiccant found in packaging for everything from shoes to electronic equipment.  Most of this desiccant is silica – typically in gel form.  Other common substances used as desiccants are activated charcoal and calcium chloride.

The desiccant used in vapor degreasers is 3 Angstrom Molecular Sieve, small pellets of zeolite clay. Like all desiccants, the zeolite clay adsorbs water from the solvent, and may be reused by baking it dry. Desiccants are most often used in a vapor degreaser if the solvent contains an alcohol. This is often the case with solvents used for defluxing processes on soldered boards and leads. Water found in the separator extracts the alcohol from the solvent and in turn the water and alcohol are absorbed by the zeolite clay. If a degreaser is operated in a very humid environment, a desiccant may be needed to effectively remove the water from the solvent.